4 years of war in Ukraine: numbers on lives, land and aid

Russia's full-scale invasion that began on Feb. 24, 2022 has entered its fifth year with fighting continuing; reports note large military and civilian tolls and millions displaced from their homes.

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which began on Feb. 24, 2022, has entered its fifth year and continues without a clear end in sight. The conflict is described as Europe's largest since the Second World War and has prompted international diplomatic efforts, including U.S.-brokered talks, that so far have not resolved core disagreements. Independent verification of battlefield losses is limited because neither Moscow nor Kyiv provides timely, comprehensive figures. The humanitarian and geopolitical effects have been broad, affecting population movement, territorial control and patterns of foreign aid. Key facts: - The fighting began with Russia's full-scale invasion on Feb. 24, 2022, and continues into its fifth year with no decisive resolution reported. - Reports estimate hundreds of thousands of military casualties on both sides, though independent verification is limited and official tallies are incomplete. - The United Nations reports roughly 5.3 million Ukrainians have found refuge in Europe and about 3.7 million are displaced within Ukraine; at least 300,000 have come to Canada. - Think tanks say Russian-held territory has changed little over the past year (an estimated 0.79% increase), while analyses also note shifts in foreign aid: U.S. transfers of U.S.-paid weapons were halted after the change in administration, European military assistance rose, and overall humanitarian and financial aid showed a modest decline. Summary: The conflict has produced sustained human displacement, widespread disruption and significant reported military losses, while efforts at diplomacy have so far not bridged key disagreements on occupied land and Ukraine's postwar security. Undetermined at this time.